Taylor’s checkerspot caterpillar. Photo: Pourya Sardari

In the quiet corners of the Greater Vancouver Zoo where WPC’s conservation team are working away, before the final frost of the winter, a rustling begins. From within their tightly-curled paper towel hideaways, where they have been motionless for over six months, tiny Taylor’s checkerspot caterpillars begin to awake from their winter slumber.

These little ones have spent their last half a year in diapause, a dormant state where they conserve energy after the plants they eat dry up in early August.

But what happens when we intervene, when we nurture these tiny creatures through their delicate stages of growth in the safety of our facility, only to release them to nature, and watch them wiggle off into the vast expanse of the wild?

The process of releasing caterpillars to restored habitat begins with a simple observation the year before—pairing up male and female checkerspots in our conservation breeding program and watching females deposit a tiny egg cluster which clings to the underside of a leaf. With gentle hands and keen eyes, we collect these creatures, provide them with appropriate food, temperature, humidity and a safe place to diapause until the following very early spring.

Releasing caterpillars is a profound act, one that transcends the simple notion of letting go. It’s a celebration of life, a testament to the resilience and beauty of nature. As we open our palms and watch these tiny beings embark on their journey, we are reminded of the cyclical nature of existence, the perpetual dance of birth, growth, and renewal.

Newly released Taylor’s checkerspot caterpillars. Photo: E. McClaren

This spring we experienced the pinnacle of conservation goals when we discovered a new generation of Taylor’s checkerspots at the release site on Hornby Island, the descendants of caterpillars we released in previous years!

Our field crews were overjoyed to find more than 200 recently emerged checkerspot caterpillars to confirm successful overwintering and emergence.

This is proof that the caterpillars we produced in captivity and released in the spring of 2023 made it all the way through a full annual cycle, becoming adult butterflies that then mated and produced wild caterpillars of their own in the wild.

This is the first time that a full life cycle for checkerspots has been seen on Hornby Island in more than 20 years – thanks to our conservation breeding and reintroduction efforts!

When releasing a species, we need to ensure that they are able to complete their full life cycle in the habitat where they are being reintroduced If the release site can’t support even one of the steps in the life cycle: we need to make adjustments to help an at-risk population grow. For checkerspots, since we want the releases to mimic what happens in the wild as closely as possible, the period of observation of emergence after winter of wild caterpillars is extremely close to the appropriate window for when we would release our conservation bred caterpillars. This means it is hard for field crews to know for sure if the animals they are observing are from overwinter success or from a recent release.. In 2024, with a smaller number of caterpillars to release we took the opportunity to push back our release date by a bit more than a week and release in a different area of the park. This allowed us to test drive this new area as well as ensure that our releases didn’t confound observations at the main population.

And that adjustment in timing is what led to our joyous discovery that a critically important goal of any recovery program is being met – that release animals are completing all the steps of their life cycle in the wild.

Now that we know that the habitat can support all life-stage needs of the butterfly, we can confidently continue our releases and monitor the population and watch it grow to a self-sustaining population.

Andrea Gielens

Lead Biologist – Fraser Valley Wetlands Wildlife

Andrea manages WPC’s captive breeding and release programs for the Oregon spotted frog and the coastal western painted turtle. Andrea has studied at-risk reptiles and amphibians in Canada and abroad, including a term at the Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust in Jersey. Andrea also manages the Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly recovery program in BC.

Andrea Gielens

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