{"id":38027,"date":"2023-02-16T16:04:28","date_gmt":"2023-02-16T21:04:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.qa.caorda.com\/?p=38027"},"modified":"2026-02-23T11:36:21","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T16:36:21","slug":"a-decade-of-bumble-bee-surveys-part-2-whats-on-the-menu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/a-decade-of-bumble-bee-surveys-part-2-whats-on-the-menu\/","title":{"rendered":"A decade of bumble bee surveys: Part 2 \u2013 What\u2019s on the menu?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-fqhywwb-eab3a8a1e7fd2de32e13efc384b752c2 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  blog-inner avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-38027'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-f26akcr-214fd8f578775da0289201e8fde4b3e9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-f26akcr-214fd8f578775da0289201e8fde4b3e9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-f26akcr-214fd8f578775da0289201e8fde4b3e9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-f26akcr-214fd8f578775da0289201e8fde4b3e9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-f26akcr-214fd8f578775da0289201e8fde4b3e9 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_post_metadata  avia-builder-el-first'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >A decade of bumble bee surveys: Part 2 \u2013 What\u2019s on the menu?<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ejy4qjv-4329414943d16e902222bcfb0d6ccf14\">\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-ejy4qjv-4329414943d16e902222bcfb0d6ccf14{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-ejy4qjv-4329414943d16e902222bcfb0d6ccf14 .av-post-metadata-container-inner{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-ejy4qjv-4329414943d16e902222bcfb0d6ccf14 av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-published\">Publi\u00e9 le<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >f\u00e9vrier 16, 2023<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-author\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-author\">par<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-author-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/tiffani-harrison\/\"  rel=\"author\">Tiffani Harrison<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-category\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-categories\">|<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/species\/bumble-bees\/\" >Les bourdons<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/project\/native-pollinator-initiative\/\" >Initiative pour les pollinisateurs indig\u00e8nes<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" >Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-13v41vv-01d42145e9ba5f7bdb5c5863215e4e6d main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  species-inner-content-intro-wrapper avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-38027'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-b0qzmnf-d097464f240e40c2f44bfd4663000254 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-a1qa96z-09c28e24e9f9f697f0e025654b749492'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A decade ago, Wildlife Preservation Canada (WPC) initiated their Bumble Bee Recovery Program. Through conservation breeding, annual large-scale population surveys, community science, engaging in education and outreach, and collaborating on important research, WPC seeks to be a leader in bumble bee conservation. With several of our North American species assessed to be in decline, it\u2019s critical that we monitor our species.<\/p>\n<p>Are you curious what has come from a decade of bumble bee population surveys in Ontario? Then you\u2019ll like this 4-part series! This is the second installment, which focuses on floral resources that bumble bees use. <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/a-decade-of-bumble-bee-surveys-part-1-who-when-where-how\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You can read the first installment here<\/a> \u2013 which provides an introduction to our bumble bee surveys, and a brief overview of what we\u2019ve seen over the last decade (over 26,000 bumble bees, including 20 species \u2013many of which are rare and at-risk).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a9ce83v-bb9aa1fbf0c1adce634496a5d16fc0e3\">\n.avia-image-container.av-a9ce83v-bb9aa1fbf0c1adce634496a5d16fc0e3 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-a9ce83v-bb9aa1fbf0c1adce634496a5d16fc0e3 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-a9ce83v-bb9aa1fbf0c1adce634496a5d16fc0e3 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38031 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38031 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_0749-scaled-1.jpg' alt='' title='DSC_0749-scaled'  height=\"1696\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1d69x-1cd99c94a9a6dc19a0775cb6508f6a0c'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Bumble bee (Bombus sp) queen foraging on cow vetch (Viccia cracca). Photo: T. Harrison<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1enq9-a86441bd9d1f8ec3c80e11b101210221'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>When our bumble bee recovery team conducts monitoring surveys, part of the data that is recorded is bumble bee behaviour during collection \u2013which is most often foraging. If the bumble bee is collected while foraging, our team then records the plant that the individual was found foraging on. As a result, we have been able to build a large database of foraging resources for bumble bees over the years.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Over the years, we have observed bumble bees foraging on roughly 270 different plants in our surveys!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Below you will see the top 15 plants with the most foraging records, organized in order. This list is inclusive flowers across the blooming seasons; however, it is important to be reminded that our team doesn\u2019t always conduct summer surveys each year, and in general surveys are conducted more frequently in the spring (to collect queens for our conservation breeding program).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx1f5fw-33729fa6cc25cb3c63077e25669fc7d1\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx1f5fw-33729fa6cc25cb3c63077e25669fc7d1 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx1f5fw-33729fa6cc25cb3c63077e25669fc7d1 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx1f5fw-33729fa6cc25cb3c63077e25669fc7d1 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38033 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38033 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Top-15-foraging-resoures-collage.jpg' alt='' title='Top-15-foraging-resoures-collage'  height=\"706\" width=\"880\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1fmpc-853183b058920080c97b611f82480017'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Top 15 floral resources with the most foraging records during surveys. Each genus is classified from \u201cnon-native\u201d to \u201cnative\u201d based on the species within the genus bumble bees have been observed foraging on.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1g90k-6550c5c39c5f828bc1508261a45a0ca7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Bumble bees are known to be <strong>generalists<\/strong> when it comes to their floral preferences, utilizing a large range of resources throughout the bloom season due to their long-life cycle. However, you are still more likely to see bumble bees on certain flowers compared to others for reasons such as their tongue length (meaning they can access some flowers better than others), and their overall foraging patterns often being linked to the abundance and quality of resources in bloom. From this list you will see that the flower we have seen bumble bees foraging on the most is the common dandelion, followed by willow (Salix species) and honeysuckles (Lonicera species). Wondering what makes these flowers so special? Willow and honeysuckles are abundant resources at their time of bloom, with willow being of the earliest blooming resources for bumble bee queens as they emerge from overwintering. Dandelions can be found just about anywhere when they are in bloom, and often fill the transition stage between spring and summer flowers.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx1gvt7-8d66d9a5ce2747dda6b0e4677c5b11fb\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx1gvt7-8d66d9a5ce2747dda6b0e4677c5b11fb img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx1gvt7-8d66d9a5ce2747dda6b0e4677c5b11fb .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx1gvt7-8d66d9a5ce2747dda6b0e4677c5b11fb av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38030 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38030 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/B.-terricola-2-scaled-1.jpg' alt='' title='B.-terricola-2-scaled'  height=\"1696\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1h8ek-bd837d76af96e45041f398db4182ad7b'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Yellow-banded bumble bee (Bombus terricola) queen foraging on willow in the early spring. Out of the foraging yellow-banded bumble bees we have found, 20% were found foraging on willow; 31% on dandelion, and 7% on honeysuckles. Photo: T. Harrison<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1hj95-5b06133d4d427c933392eea1838d76e2'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>If you know your flowers, something you will also notice from this list is that most of these top 15 resources are actually non-native to the region. Although these plants may still be visited frequently by our bumble bees, it is likely due simply to their abundance as they often compare poorer nutritionally to our native flowers. Although our bumble bees are more generalists, it is important to keep in mind that other bees might not be able to expand their palette so much, with some specializing on certain groups of flowers due to co-evolved relationships. Therefore, it is still best to plant a wide diversity of native flowers for bumble bees and other bees.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx1iaie-8a6af5ae155752b1763ab9beaf319657\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx1iaie-8a6af5ae155752b1763ab9beaf319657 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx1iaie-8a6af5ae155752b1763ab9beaf319657 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx1iaie-8a6af5ae155752b1763ab9beaf319657 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38032 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38032 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/DSC_1833-1-scaled-1.jpg' alt='' title='DSC_1833-1-scaled'  height=\"1696\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1iq65-4be273cdb4704cbd7b431bd732b7a57e'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Tri-coloured bumble bee queen (Bombus ternarius) foraging on Vaccinium species. Photo: T. Harrison<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1j2fe-a308d464c852d237ef133399b3f127ee'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>If you\u2019re curious what other behaviours we might find bumble bees doing while surveying, it would be actions like flying or exhibiting a nest-searching behaviour (zig-zag flight pattern, deliberately avoiding flowers) \u2013these kinds of non-foraging behaviours make up about 7.2% of our observations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-video av-lfx1pz1e-84a4c71e1ea74216798ee884ad715a69 avia-video-16-9 av-no-preview-image avia-video-load-always avia-video-html5'  itemprop=\"video\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/VideoObject\"  data-original_url='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Untitled-1.mp4'><video class='avia_video'    preload=\"auto\"  controls id='player_38027_276410617_761400961'><source src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/2016\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Untitled-1.mp4' type='video\/mp4' \/><\/video><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1lcxz-9dee5ddf5bbd578644e8905e6a230506'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>We want to thank everyone who has helped contribute to WPC\u2019s annual bumble bee surveys, we couldn\u2019t have done it without you! What will we find over the next decade?<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>We\u2019ve talked about the bumble bee species we\u2019ve observed and what we\u2019ve found them foraging on, but in our next installment we\u2019ll talk about an interesting trend in surveys. Stay tuned!<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx1lwyl-023efec5ae2de8a67643a5d1a86aa5fe'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3>Wondering what plants you should plant for bumble bees this year? Click this button to get started.<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-lfx1mwlx-7db42405c9a07a445a42ce91bc143fb0-wrap avia-button-left  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last'><a href='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/beeposterfinal-pdf-2\/'  class='avia-button av-lfx1mwlx-7db42405c9a07a445a42ce91bc143fb0 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-left avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Get Started\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Get Started<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-1zuzdyj-8c84cc9255a977d9f4a97c5f459c4fbf main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  blog-inner avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-38027'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1hpz5nv-11e612a389fe9241a201c0dbcaba4696 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-23  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  author-section first flex_column_div'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-4s9inf-232b550c4aa09c06ced817f849c308d8'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Tiffani Harrison<\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Ontario Program Coordinator \u2013 Native Pollinator Initiative<\/h5>\n<p>Tiffani joined WPC as a bumble bee conservation field technician in 2017 and fell in love with the work. Since then, she has worked a variety of roles leading monitoring surveys, research projects, and community outreach both in Ontario and Alberta. Currently she manages the field work and outreach components of the Bumble Bee Recovery Program. Tiffani completed her MEnvSc in Conservation and Biodiversity at the University of Toronto and comes from a background of ecology and conservation biology.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-l0i6kr-2ecc463c7f875964e4ebda47ef12999f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-l0i6kr-2ecc463c7f875964e4ebda47ef12999f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-l0i6kr-2ecc463c7f875964e4ebda47ef12999f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-l0i6kr-2ecc463c7f875964e4ebda47ef12999f av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  author-pic'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-36807 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-36807 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/TiffaniHarrison-300x251.jpg' alt='' title='TiffaniHarrison'  height=\"251\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":38031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-events","project-native-pollinator-initiative","specific-species-bumble-bees"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A decade of bumble bee surveys: Part 2 \u2013 What\u2019s on the menu? 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