{"id":38053,"date":"2023-01-12T16:57:28","date_gmt":"2023-01-12T21:57:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/?p=38053"},"modified":"2023-07-05T11:16:21","modified_gmt":"2023-07-05T16:16:21","slug":"how-snakes-overwinter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/how-snakes-overwinter\/","title":{"rendered":"How snakes overwinter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-5qsvnb9-d9d9ac6d7f41c87c2fc61b6e32b13f98 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  blog-inner avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-38053'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx2wca5-06dc97c14548d5706b2e0535ce3f9585\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lfx2wca5-06dc97c14548d5706b2e0535ce3f9585{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lfx2wca5-06dc97c14548d5706b2e0535ce3f9585 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lfx2wca5-06dc97c14548d5706b2e0535ce3f9585 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lfx2wca5-06dc97c14548d5706b2e0535ce3f9585 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_post_metadata  avia-builder-el-first'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >How snakes overwinter<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5dlplet-1d5e99cdbf894b7626a9dc44aa682c6a\">\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-5dlplet-1d5e99cdbf894b7626a9dc44aa682c6a{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-5dlplet-1d5e99cdbf894b7626a9dc44aa682c6a .av-post-metadata-container-inner{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-5dlplet-1d5e99cdbf894b7626a9dc44aa682c6a av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-published\">Publi\u00e9 le<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >janvier 12, 2023<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-author\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-author\">par<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-author-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/metisse-arsenault\/\"  rel=\"author\">Metisse Arsenault<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-category\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-categories\">|<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" >Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" >R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-26v8qzp-1f46afd5e36311222798ed272222552b main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  species-inner-content-intro-wrapper avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-38053'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-1trl5k5-cd59df75c47b56ff925ac46d9ff92b5b av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  first flex_column_div'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx2wrbj-7b5f7065c090019a71b92c3a159ebde2'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>There are over 3000 species of snakes globally that have a variety of habitat and resource requirements. Although needs vary across regions, all snake species share a few recurring necessities in their habitat range. Within their habitat range, snakes need access to food, water, shelter, and a safe place for gravid females to give birth. As we bundle up for the cold winter ahead, an extra requirement for snakes in cold climates becomes apparent; a place that is suitable to spend the winter.<\/p>\n<p>Snakes are ectothermic and need external temperature regulation to survive. This means that the habitat necessities are different for snakes living in hot and cold climates. In colder climates like Canada, they must go through brumation in the winter months. Brumation is a very similar process to hibernation, but it is used by ectotherms rather than endotherms. Similar to hibernation, snakes slow their breathing and metabolic rates while in brumation, but unlike in hibernation, they are not in a state of deep sleep. When ectotherms brumate they can still move around, and on particularly warm winter days they are known to leave their hibernacula to bask in the sun.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx2xgt9-140d0cedb8f5f520ad8f7fe423c1a6ab\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx2xgt9-140d0cedb8f5f520ad8f7fe423c1a6ab img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx2xgt9-140d0cedb8f5f520ad8f7fe423c1a6ab .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx2xgt9-140d0cedb8f5f520ad8f7fe423c1a6ab av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-6  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38054 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38054 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/EAGA_hib.jpg' alt='' title='EAGA_hib'  height=\"455\" width=\"640\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx3057v-5d07b551cd87fdb9284eea0cb6eaf4fb'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>An eastern gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) brumating in a WPC made artificial hibernaculum.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx30hid-b0418cc09f51f50dd8e713680c6a6459'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>A hibernaculum is a place where a snake overwinters. This is usually a natural feature of a landscape such as another animal\u2019s burrow, rock pile, or dead tree. It can also be man-made like a building foundation, or an old well. The hibernacula must meet specific characteristics to keep a snake safe over the cold winter months. When a snake is brumating below ground the space must maintain a consistent temperature above 0\u00b0C so it does not freeze. The den should be below the frost line, which could mean descending over 1 meter below ground. A well-insulated hibernaculum makes it easier for the snakes to maintain a low metabolic rate.<\/p>\n<p>While the den keeps the snake at the righ temperature, the metabolic rate is consistently lower, and they use less energy and can last longer in brumation. They do not need to eat while in brumation but they still need to consume water so there must be an accessible source. As water below the frost line remains liquid throughout the winter and typically maintains a steady temperature of 4-6\u00b0C, hibernacula in areas with a high water table can be less prone to sudden changes in temperatures. This consistent temperature can not only protect snakes from sudden cold or warm temperatures which could harm them, it also allows snakes to maintain a consistently lower metabolic rate. However, should a snake get trapped in a flooded hibernaculum, it could eventually drown without access to air.<\/p>\n<p>Snakes in Canada generally brumate from late October to March or April. Some species of snakes prefer to brumate alone or in small numbers while other species do so in groups, possibly due to a limited availability of hibernation sites. It can also be beneficial to brumate in groups as it means that potential mates will be close by after emergence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx311wb-dac6a3ebf6f5f665ac62114d8591e36f\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx311wb-dac6a3ebf6f5f665ac62114d8591e36f img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx311wb-dac6a3ebf6f5f665ac62114d8591e36f .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx311wb-dac6a3ebf6f5f665ac62114d8591e36f av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38057 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38057 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/w-EAGA_NatHib.jpg' alt='' title='w-EAGA_NatHib'  height=\"523\" width=\"800\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx31kn9-ee6c92fb6e5371d9813a7184c1b906b2'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>An eastern gartersnake (Thamnophis sirtalis) emerging from a possible hibernacula. Photo: Kathleen Woodhouse<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx31xmw-b0e1d99510b16253cf020817f76067c9'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>If there are not enough safe places to wait out the winter many snakes will not survive the onset of cold temperatures. A lack of suitable hibernacula can limit a snake population. You can help! Artificial hibernacula (click link for more) can be made out of rocks, gravel, sand and wood, supplementing this critical habitat for snakes living in areas lacking enough natural hibernation sites. Providing snakes with safe and suitable hibernacula can be crucial for helping at-risk populations (click link for more).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx32hj2-7c611c3e87f450cc77f9bc790f95a558\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx32hj2-7c611c3e87f450cc77f9bc790f95a558 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx32hj2-7c611c3e87f450cc77f9bc790f95a558 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx32hj2-7c611c3e87f450cc77f9bc790f95a558 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38055 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38055 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/graph.png' alt='' title='graph'  height=\"443\" width=\"540\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx338cw-54a9e6c8edcc9b915b417a5a882ede6b'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>Example of how an artifical hibernaculum could be made. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.torontozoo.com\/adoptapond\/snakehibernacula.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.torontozoo.com\/adoptapond\/snakehibernacula.asp<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx33zrl-4112410fc54534995353e7a8d2df8222'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>In the spring as the outside temperature begins to get warmer, snakes will often emerge from their hibernacula to bask, but remain nearby in case the temperature begins to fall again. The snakes start to emerge and disperse from their hibernacula when temperatures consistently reach around 15\u00b0C, varying depending on the snake species and location. Very soon after they emerge from their hibernacula it\u2019s the mating season! This means that the yearly cycle for the snake has begun again, and the population will soon be reinforced with new young snakes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Citations <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Harvey, D., &amp; Weatherhead, P. (2006). Hibernation Site Selection by Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus) near Their Northern Range Limit. Journal Of Herpetology, 40(1), 66-73. doi: 10.1670\/89-05a.<\/p>\n<p>Lang, J. (1967). Overwintering Three Species of Snakes in Northwestern Minnesota (Undergraduate). The University of North Dakota.<\/p>\n<p>Markle, C., Moore, P., &amp; Waddington, J. (2020). Temporal variability of overwintering conditions for a species-at-risk snake: Implications for climate change and habitat management. Global Ecology And Conservation, 22, e00923. doi: 10.1016\/j.gecco.2020.e00923<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/dr.library.brocku.ca\/bitstream\/handle\/10464\/14896\/Brock_Yagi_Anne_2020.pdf?sequence=1&#038;isAllowed=y<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_3'  class='avia-section av-103wif9-109a93ee335cdb7a496d7796849f3d72 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  blog-inner avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-38053'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-n0jmsl-14bf1205d8b53d7a35f94dc223f02a33 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-16  avia-builder-el-no-sibling  author-section first flex_column_div'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lfx34p81-4be7e2d2343d549ca20a4a80d9659c70'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h3 style=\"text-align: left;\">Metisse Arsenault<\/h3>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: left;\">Habitat Enhancement Field Technician \u2013 Ojibway Prairie Reptile Recovery<\/h5>\n<p>Metisse holds a Bachelor of Environmental Studies from the University of Waterloo. She also received a minor in psychology and a diploma in ecosystem restoration and rehabilitation. Metisse conducted field work with various bee species and brought the skills acquired through her previous work experience to the Ojibway Prairie Reptile Recovery Team. She contributed to creating more sustainable habitat for at-risk snakes in southern Ontario during the 2022 field season.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lfx3518i-78ad5ac6f8d4c3241d52f4a99b5bb8b5\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx3518i-78ad5ac6f8d4c3241d52f4a99b5bb8b5 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lfx3518i-78ad5ac6f8d4c3241d52f4a99b5bb8b5 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lfx3518i-78ad5ac6f8d4c3241d52f4a99b5bb8b5 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-last  author-pic'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-38056 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-38056 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Metisse-300x225.jpg' alt='' title='Metisse'  height=\"225\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p><\/div>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":38054,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,257],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38053","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-events","category-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - 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