{"id":43100,"date":"2023-09-12T12:59:45","date_gmt":"2023-09-12T17:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-8-red-diamond-rattlesnakes-in-loma-linda-califormia-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-12-11T13:31:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-11T18:31:09","slug":"urbanviper9-adders-in-london","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanviper9-adders-in-london\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-1lua8i3-d147aee4a892fa46b69eb9a95abd45c6 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  blog-inner avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-43100'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-f7ojwuj-6a9e73cda01a6786bacfc199410b9a13\">\n.avia-image-container.av-f7ojwuj-6a9e73cda01a6786bacfc199410b9a13 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-f7ojwuj-6a9e73cda01a6786bacfc199410b9a13 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-f7ojwuj-6a9e73cda01a6786bacfc199410b9a13 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  inner-blog-banner-full-width-img'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-43102 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-43102 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-1-1498x1080.jpg' alt='' title='Adder 1'  height=\"1080\" width=\"1498\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-a3924wb-0e109a461b290c8509985b2fc706098f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>A female adder, Vipera berus (Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Vipera_berus_female.jpg\">AlexandreRoux01<\/a>, used under Creative Commons licence <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/1.0\/legalcode\">CC-SA-1.0<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ez95eyz-2dc6add5529e35ecafc7bc9133f6a5de\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ez95eyz-2dc6add5529e35ecafc7bc9133f6a5de{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ez95eyz-2dc6add5529e35ecafc7bc9133f6a5de .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ez95eyz-2dc6add5529e35ecafc7bc9133f6a5de .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ez95eyz-2dc6add5529e35ecafc7bc9133f6a5de av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_post_metadata '><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657\">\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657 .av-post-metadata-container-inner{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657 av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-published\">Posted on<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >septembre 12, 2023<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-author\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-author\">by<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-author-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/ojibway-massasauga-rattlesnake-team\/\"  rel=\"author\">Ojibway Massasauga<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-category\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-categories\">|<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" >News and Events<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/project\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" >Ojibway Prairie Reptile Recovery<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/urban-vipers\/\" >Urban Vipers<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-xrf3pn-76a410f858f5d43385ebe2b5d965f773 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  species-inner-content-intro-wrapper avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-43100'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-8sspnsb-5eff3044ea29a71c82e32e3ff1b07580 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-8li7n63-d800df8d3e4f29690a77b6a49a84b1a9 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>In this post we profile the common vipers (aka adders) living in London, UK and discuss outcomes of a successful reintroduction project, including insights from a visit by WPC\u2019s Lead Biologist, Jonathan Choquette.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-t5sb7v-ce75128a399fecb0542da09f0d38332a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #50863d;\">WHAT IS THE ADDER?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>The common viper, or adder (<em>Vipera berus<\/em>), is an elusive and fascinating creature. Adders are medium-sized venomous snakes which are easily identified by a zig-zag stripe down their backs. Somewhat unique among snakes, males and females are coloured differently: males are generally grey with a black stripe, while females are generally light brown with a dark brown stripe. They are heavy-bodied snakes but adults don\u2019t get much longer than about 60 cm.<\/p>\n<p>Adders will generally hunt and eat small mammals, amphibians and lizards, and they prefer to inhabit mid-successional vegetation communities, including heathland, grassland, and moorland. This snake\u2019s range extends throughout Eastern and Central Europe, stretching east into northern China, and north past the Arctic Circle! The UK represents the north-western extreme of the adder\u2019s range<\/p>\n<p><em>V. berus <\/em>has faced centuries of human prosecution, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation across its range. In the UK, Adders are now recognized as a species in need of conservation. Adders, along with all British reptiles, are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act of 1981, which prohibits the capture, harm, or killing of these animals. It is believed that <em>V. berus<\/em> was once widespread but has declined across much of England due to deliberate killings and loss and degradation of habitat throughout the past century.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1er03d-110db88324a61b9786b71d492e92eabd\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1er03d-110db88324a61b9786b71d492e92eabd img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1er03d-110db88324a61b9786b71d492e92eabd .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1er03d-110db88324a61b9786b71d492e92eabd av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-43103 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-43103 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-2-scaled.jpg' alt='' title='Adder 2'  height=\"1920\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ljq00hbk-30af5d2592ef5a0e7e00d2916acd79eb '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>A view of the London skyline from the <a href=\"https:\/\/arcelormittalorbit.com\/about\/about-the-arcelormittal-orbit\/\">ArcelorMittal Orbit<\/a>, the UK\u2019s tallest sculpture. The City Mill River is seen flowing in the foreground, while the skyscrapers of the Canary Wharf district rise in the background. Photo: J. Choquette<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1eqes2-57e876e78bf8654f53f958ceae6e170a '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #50863d;\">ARE THERE ADDERS IN LONDON?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Despite its highly urbanized surroundings, there are a small number of sites remaining in the Greater London Area that continue to support populations of adders. One such site is Hounslow Heath, located in West London, which is an unexpected refuge for the elusive adder. Open grasslands, pockets of woodland, and areas of scrub provide an ideal mix of vegetation, supporting not only adders, but many rare plants, insects, birds and other reptiles.<\/p>\n<p>Hounslow Heath once covered a vast area of over 1725 ha, but a mere 82 ha remain. The heath remnants were declared a Local Nature Reserve in 1991, and conservation efforts such as active habitat restoration works were initiated thereafter, specifically targeting the rare heath vegetation community and promoting suitable adder habitat. As a result, Hounslow Heath was later deemed a suitable site for adder reintroduction.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vd3blp-afcc8d2b28ec831dc6ded33e1b2710eb\">\n.avia-image-container.av-vd3blp-afcc8d2b28ec831dc6ded33e1b2710eb img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-vd3blp-afcc8d2b28ec831dc6ded33e1b2710eb .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-vd3blp-afcc8d2b28ec831dc6ded33e1b2710eb av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-12  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-43104 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-43104 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-3-scaled.jpg' alt='' title='Adder 3'  height=\"1920\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1erwtx-d6cf83e32c7844d284f5b4db265aecef '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>The rare heathland vegetation community at Hounslow Heath. Despite the wild character of this landscape, people are never too far from view. The proximity to Heathrow Airport means a jumbo jet thunders overhead once every 2 minutes. Photo: J. Choquette<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5lvmwjv-d25ae2e08a86ab41787c5bcd8de9a6a8 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #50863d;\">WHY WERE ADDERS REINTRODUCED TO HOUSLOW HEATH?\u00a0<\/span><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Historic knowledge of exact locations where these animals lived is limited, so it can be difficult to determine which sites have had healthy adder populations in the past. Regardless, there was some indication that adders historically occupied the Hounslow Heath area, but became extirpated in the twentieth century possibly due to previous sand and gravel extraction. A survey undertaken prior to reintroduction failed to find any evidence of adders, though the three other species of reptile native to London were found.<\/p>\n<p>In the spring of the year 2000, 46 adders were rescued from a nearby development site and translocated to Hounslow Heath. The released snakes included adult males, adult females, and juveniles, and several of the females were pregnant. Adders were released on two separate occasions into suitable refugia (log pile and mammal burrows). Although this was technically a mitigation translocation from a site slated for development, the project also aimed to reintroduce the species to a nearby site in an effort to ensure its long-term persistence locally. Hounslow Heath was chosen as the receptor site for many reasons: safety from development as a nature reserve, appropriate size and type of habitat for adders, good partnerships with site managers, and its proximity to the donor site.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lmgmo5y8-affb09f13955c734a2c1fcb6573a36ba\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lmgmo5y8-affb09f13955c734a2c1fcb6573a36ba img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lmgmo5y8-affb09f13955c734a2c1fcb6573a36ba .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lmgmo5y8-affb09f13955c734a2c1fcb6573a36ba av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-15  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-43105 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-43105 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-4.jpg' alt='' title='Adder 4'  height=\"1449\" width=\"1933\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5di0phn-e7a9e02279ef1409c52fecf3fed2d417 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>London United Tramways map, circa. 1910, showing that Hounslow Heath has been accessible from the heart of London via public transit for over 110 years. Access via electric tramway (red line) has since been replaced by London Transit\u2019s red double-decker busses, and the nearest London Underground station (blue line) is now called Hounslow Central (Map courtesy of London Transport Museum: ltmuseum.co.uk.) Photo: J. Choquette.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-49eaoob-fda654a62798323605504c27a6937147 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #50863d;\">WAS THE ADDER REINTRODUCTION TO HOUNSLOW HEATH SUCCESSFUL?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>In the early years after reintroduction, adders appeared to have established themselves at Hounslow Heath, and were found using habitats away from the vicinity of the original release site to forage during summer. A string of major wildfires at the site in 2003 led to the confirmed death of at least three adders, but surprisingly, the species held on; at least 8 animals were observed during spring emergence the following year. Despite a lack of systematic monitoring, adders have been observed almost annually since the initial releases, and reproduction has been confirmed.<\/p>\n<p>In 2016, a number of gravid females were found and the adder population was thought to have grown to over four times the size of the reintroduced population, with a diverse age structure. Adders now occupy nearly all parts of the Heath. As of spring 2023, its been a full 23 years since the initial reintroduction, which is equivalent to about 4 adder generations. Therefore, more than enough time has passed since the initial releases for the offspring of those individuals to have matured and reproduced. This is a clear indication that a population of adders has been successfully reestablished at Hounslow Heath. Whether adders persist in the long term, however, will depend as much on their genetic variability, as on the altruism of Londoners.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lmgmrq1k-71fb17a4ccc3f0c71d736b71fb6cf437\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lmgmrq1k-71fb17a4ccc3f0c71d736b71fb6cf437 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lmgmrq1k-71fb17a4ccc3f0c71d736b71fb6cf437 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lmgmrq1k-71fb17a4ccc3f0c71d736b71fb6cf437 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-18  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-43106 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-43106 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-5-scaled.jpg' alt='' title='Adder 5'  height=\"1920\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lmgmsnsj-44bec5f836e6ec6f3e5548a5bf50cfda '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Informational signage posted at Hounslow Heath notifying park users of the presence of Adders. Signs such as these <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/investigating-effectiveness-of-signage-in-educating-the-public\/\">can increase awareness of venomous snakes<\/a>, thereby contributing toward mitigation of human\u2013snake conflict. Photo by J. Choquette<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lmgmttpc-28de1cf47ef66f0f777f45390286dc4e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><span style=\"color: #50863d;\">CAN RESIDENTS OF LONDON COEXIST WITH ADDERS?\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Adders possess a distinct set of behaviours that facilitate their coexistence with humans. They are relatively shy, preferring to avoid confrontation, and are most active during spring and autumn, when human activity at Hounslow Heath is relatively low. Despite the rarity of negative encounters at the Heath, there was a high-profile case of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thesun.co.uk\/news\/3311943\/dad-who-took-his-sons-for-a-park-picnic-left-fighting-for-his-life-after-being-bitten-by-giant-adder-that-slithered-into-kids-pushchair\/\">snakebite in 2017<\/a> which was reported by multiple news outlets, painting a somewhat negative view of adder presence in the park. This incident spurred the installation of informational signage, an interpretive centre, and a Hounslow Heath reptile walk and Conservation Day to raise public awareness and increase participation in adder conservation.<\/p>\n<p>Although reintroductions of a venomous species can be controversial, education has been playing a crucial role in dispelling myths and misunderstandings about adders, and visitors are reported to be remarkably accepting of the adder population at Hounslow Heath. The adders seem to have benefited from restricted public access on parts of the heath and from an encouraged sense of public responsibility for the snakes. Continued research, public support, and collaboration between conservation organizations and the local community will increase the likelihood that adders persist in the long-term, securing a brighter future for these fascinating snakes in their urban habitat.<\/p>\n<p>While challenges such as habitat fragmentation, succession, and human disturbance persist, the adders of Hounslow Heath serve as a testament to the resilience of wildlife in the face of urbanization. By understanding their behaviour, promoting tolerance, and actively conserving their habitat, we can ensure the survival of these remarkable creatures. The story of Hounslow Heath is an example of how humans and venomous snakes can co-exist, creating a balance between urban life and the natural world.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lmgmuk3o-f3dba4e20aa39501278d7f63c9345eeb\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lmgmuk3o-f3dba4e20aa39501278d7f63c9345eeb img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lmgmuk3o-f3dba4e20aa39501278d7f63c9345eeb .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lmgmuk3o-f3dba4e20aa39501278d7f63c9345eeb av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-43107 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-43107 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-6-scaled.jpg' alt='' title='Adder 6'  height=\"1920\" width=\"2560\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-40y01e3-92973d67708402997038be7e7fd77cb5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>A snake in the grass. If you are lucky enough to catch a glimpse of a wild adder, well &#8230; a glimpse is all you are likely to catch before it slithers off into the undergrowth. Adders are a shy and secretive snake and prefer to scamper than to pick a fight. Photo: J. Choquette<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-4zopbvv-ffd0dde182997a52bd140edec0e47ef4 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_full  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='avia-testimonial-wrapper av-lmgn3218-4745d6b8efa031d15640b91156d60838 avia-grid-testimonials avia-grid-2-testimonials avia_animate_when_almost_visible' >\n<section class=\"avia-testimonial-row\"><div class='avia-testimonial av-lmgn2zpf-bcf5401876bcec19745d8da34ecbc8d9 avia-testimonial-row-1 avia-first-testimonial flex_column no_margin av_one_half'><div class='avia-testimonial_inner'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia-testimonial-image'  itemprop=\"image\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-7-180x180.jpg\" class=\"attachment-square size-square\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><div class='avia-testimonial-content '><div class='avia-testimonial-markup-entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8220;Hounslow Heath represents a good example of what can be achieved when a local community takes pride in its adders.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"avia-testimonial-meta\"><div class=\"avia-testimonial-arrow-wrap\"><div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class='avia-testimonial-meta-mini'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><strong  class='avia-testimonial-name'  itemprop=\"name\" >Nicholas Milton<\/strong><span  class='avia-testimonial-subtitle '  itemprop=\"jobTitle\" >Author of The Secret Life of the Adder: The Vanishing Viper<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-3medauj-5b6243b52ac0bf26f13df980b8e14fc2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-25  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2vrtewb-e598c2f4a51a77177ec5849361ae0517 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><span style=\"color: #50863d;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2he0q2z-dbbf419b15d3934e9f5b75dc24536817 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Amphibian and Reptile Conservation. Undated. The Adder: A misunderstood treasure of the countryside [Brochure]. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Dorset, UK.<\/p>\n<p>Atkins, W. 2005. Conservation Status of the Adder <em>Vipera berus<\/em> in Greater London.\u00a0 English Nature Research Report 666. English Nature, London, UK.<\/p>\n<p>Foster, J. 2016. Strategic challenges and solutions for adder conservation. Amphibian and Reptile Conservation, Witley Centre, Witley, Surrey, UK.<\/p>\n<p>Matthes, G. 2016. Adder Translocation Case-study, Hounslow Heath. GPM Ecology, Surrey, UK.<\/p>\n<p>Milton, N. 2022. <em>The Secret Life of the Adder: The Vanishing Viper. <\/em>White Owl, South Yorkshire, UK.<\/p>\n<p>Slack, C. 2016. Management on Hounslow Heath LNR 2000 to 2016: A description of site management on Hounslow Heath Local Nature Reserve from the translocation of adders on to the site in 2000 through to the present day. Carillion Plc, Wolverhampton, UK.<\/p>\n<p>Worthington-Hill, J. 2016. Reintroduction of the adder <em>Vipera berus<\/em> to Nottinghamshire: a feasibility study. People\u2019s Trust for Endangered Species, London, UK.<\/p>\n<p><em>Authorship note: This blog post was written by Natasha Sawatzky and Jonathan Choquette. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2t84nqj-6316b8306406e959ddb4d0874fa5044f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-28  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-29  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-the-prairie-rattlesnakes-of-lethbridge\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='prairierettler'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37678 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37678 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prairierettler-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='prairierettler'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1ewhj0-7fa423771fec836107403ef3f9ef7c3e '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-the-prairie-rattlesnakes-of-lethbridge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 1: The Prairie Rattlesnakes of Lethbridge<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2ip1yvf-55418622c207d556c9f995fe4e3d5a2f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-31  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-32  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-2-rattlesnakes-of-osoyoos-bc\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='1620px-Crotalus_oreganus_oreganus_sACRAMENTO_1_of_1-980x653'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37677 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37677 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/1620px-Crotalus_oreganus_oreganus_sACRAMENTO_1_of_1-980x653-1-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='1620px-Crotalus_oreganus_oreganus_sACRAMENTO_1_of_1-980x653'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f1xhr-1dafbe4e8d95523ccb226fed2e680ee3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-2-rattlesnakes-of-osoyoos-bc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 2: Western Rattlesnakes of Osoyos, BC<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-23agovf-99961af1f48d43c804761b526d5bdef7 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-35  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-3-the-black-mambas-of-durban-south-africa\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='w-mamba'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37679 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37679 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/w-mamba-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='w-mamba'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f3nua-cb3c1a9c5f93b9635fcc4143f47e2ad4 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-3-the-black-mambas-of-durban-south-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 3: The black mambas of Durban, South Africa<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-1hu9h9n-297a29557c9505357427949bd674eaef av_one_third  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-38  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-4-the-jararacas-of-sao-paulo-brazil\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='jararaca'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37676 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37676 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/jararaca-1-300x225.jpg' alt='' title='jararaca'  height=\"225\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f5rtb-fd0722fb9473a6840a267c1be8eac705 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-4-the-jararacas-of-sao-paulo-brazil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 4: The jararacas of Sao Paulo, Brazil<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-zof8q3-1038da888d9f29c0492d6a5ca97da960 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-40  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-41  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-5-the-timber-rattlesnakes-of-lenexa-kansas\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='Snake'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37685 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37685 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Snake-1-300x204.jpg' alt='' title='Snake'  height=\"204\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f7hvu-9c9f93b2d1f6ddce3146282d995a67f1 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-5-the-timber-rattlesnakes-of-lenexa-kansas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 5: The timber rattlesnakes of Lenexa, Kansas<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-srz1zf-c980ec24f7e41303fc919082cb34d93a av_one_third  avia-builder-el-43  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-44  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='Viper'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37698 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37698 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Viper-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='Viper'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1fack1-6158563d58a260276b79415cefe7e7be '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 6: Dugites in Perth, Australia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-riugxp-70a349a72cbd19883f13ad921714df76 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-46  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_textblock  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-47  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\" class='avia_image '  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='javan_spitting_cobra'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-41325 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-41325 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/javan_spitting_cobra-1620x1080.jpg' alt='' title='javan_spitting_cobra'  height=\"1000\" width=\"1500\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ljq0ahlb-8da4f6fc28d246a199f4baacd4cbc679 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urban-vipers-7-javan-spitting-cobra-in-jakarta-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 7: Javan spitting cobra in Jakarta, Indonesia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><section  class='av_textblock_section av-luww5hrp-b3545179c09c5439786aca9759ac6ef7 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>WPC appreciates funding support provided by the Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks\u2019 Species at Risk Stewardship Program for WPC\u2019s Ojibway Reptile Recovery Program.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":43102,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,257,263],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-events","category-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery","category-urban-vipers","project-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK - Wildlife Preservation Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Can the residents of Loma Linda, California, learn to live with red diamond rattlesnakes?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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