{"id":47704,"date":"2024-08-19T09:11:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-19T14:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/blog\/urbanviper9-adders-in-london-copy\/"},"modified":"2024-08-22T07:56:59","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T12:56:59","slug":"urbanvipers10-russells-viper-in-rathnapuri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers10-russells-viper-in-rathnapuri\/","title":{"rendered":"Urban Vipers 10: Russell&#8217;s Viper in Rathnapuri"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-1lua8i3-d147aee4a892fa46b69eb9a95abd45c6 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_section  avia-builder-el-first  blog-inner avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-47704'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-f7ojwuj-36f2cb6d473169174696406b00854476\">\n.avia-image-container.av-f7ojwuj-36f2cb6d473169174696406b00854476 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-f7ojwuj-36f2cb6d473169174696406b00854476 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-f7ojwuj-36f2cb6d473169174696406b00854476 av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-1  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first  inner-blog-banner-full-width-img'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-47711 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-47711 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/w-russellsjpg.jpg' alt='' title='w-russell&#039;sjpg'  height=\"800\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-a3924wb-0e109a461b290c8509985b2fc706098f'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>The Russell\u2019s viper, Daboia russelii (Photo credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Russels_Viper.jpg\">Davidvraju<\/a>, used under Creative Commons license <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/legalcode\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>).<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ez95eyz-8ddb645bbbaaa7ccab3f9217607ada22\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-ez95eyz-8ddb645bbbaaa7ccab3f9217607ada22{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-ez95eyz-8ddb645bbbaaa7ccab3f9217607ada22 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-ez95eyz-8ddb645bbbaaa7ccab3f9217607ada22 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-ez95eyz-8ddb645bbbaaa7ccab3f9217607ada22 av-special-heading-h1 blockquote modern-quote modern-centered  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_post_metadata'><h1 class='av-special-heading-tag'  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Urban Vipers 10: The Russell\u2019s Viper in Rathnapuri, India<\/h1><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657\">\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n#top .av-post-metadata-container.av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657 .av-post-metadata-container-inner{\nfont-size:16px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-post-metadata-container av-ejfsl63-5ac8821167f274b26db62488b1c25657 av-metadata-container-align-left  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_heading  avia-builder-el-last  av-metadata-container-1'><div class='av-post-metadata-container-inner'><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-meta-content\"><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-published\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-published\">Publi\u00e9 le<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-published-date\" >ao\u00fbt 19, 2024<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-author\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-author\">par<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-author-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/ojibway-massasauga-rattlesnake-team\/\"  rel=\"author\">Ojibway Massasauga<\/a><\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-separator\"><\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-content av-post-metadata-category\"><span class=\"av-metadata-before av-metadata-before-categories\">|<\/span><span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" >Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/project\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" >R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a><\/span>, <span class=\"av-post-metadata-category-link\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/urban-vipers\/\" >Vip\u00e8res urbaines<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='av_section_2'  class='avia-section av-xrf3pn-76a410f858f5d43385ebe2b5d965f773 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-5  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_section  species-inner-content-intro-wrapper avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-47704'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  class='flex_column av-8sspnsb-5eff3044ea29a71c82e32e3ff1b07580 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-6  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div'     ><p><section  class='av_textblock_section av-8li7n63-d800df8d3e4f29690a77b6a49a84b1a9'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Snakebites from the Russell\u2019s viper are very common in India and can result in permanent disability or even death. Is long distance translocation a viable alternative to extermination as a way to keep village residents safe while protecting the Russell\u2019s viper population?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-t5sb7v-ce75128a399fecb0542da09f0d38332a'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47708 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png 35w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>WHAT IS THE RUSSELL&#8217;S VIPER<\/strong><strong>?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The Russell\u2019s viper (<em>Daboia russelii<\/em>) is a large venomous snake found throughout the Indian subcontinent. These snakes are yellow to brownish in colour with three rows of dark oval-shaped spots running the length of their backs. They can grow to about 1.2 metres in length and are thick-bodied. They are active at night, hunting rodents, small reptiles, and small invertebrates, but they have also been found to bask and hunt during the day.<\/p>\n<p>Russell\u2019s vipers are abundant in India and are not designated at-risk. However, they are protected under Schedule II of the 1972 Wildlife (Protection) Act, which prohibits trade and hunting unless they are diseased or injured beyond recovery, or if they pose a threat to human life. Considered one of India\u2019s \u201cbig four\u201d medically-important snakes, the Russell\u2019s viper is responsible for the greatest number of snakebite mortalities in the country. These snakes are regularly encountered by people, likely due to their ability to survive in a variety of habitats, including human-dominated landscapes. Rural areas on the outskirts of towns and cities are often disproportionately affected by snakebite, which usually occurs on the hands and legs of people working close to the ground, such as harvesting crops.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47708 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png 35w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #008000;\">HOW IS HUMAN-SNAKE CONFLICT MANAGED IN THE RATHNAPURI AREA?<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>Snakes found close to homes or work sites are removed and translocated elsewhere by wildlife conservationists to keep people safe and also to rescue snakes from the immediate danger of being killed by villagers. These types of snake removals are called \u201cmitigation\u201d translocations. When Russell\u2019s vipers are removed from towns and villages to prevent human-snake conflict, they are often translocated long distances and released at a site outside of their home range. For example, one snake rescuer from a city neighbouring Rathnapuri translocated snakes 15\u201360 km from their capture sites. In contrast, these fairly sedentary animals naturally make movements of much shorter distances\u2014only 100 m per move, on average.<\/p>\n<p>After being translocated far distances, it\u2019s possible that Russell\u2019s vipers experience lower-than-normal survival rates as they move around in search of familiar territory; Snakes are generally at elevated risk of threats such as predators or roadkill during dispersal. It\u2019s also possible that translocated Russell\u2019s vipers are exposed to greater stress levels or rates of disease than their counterparts. Due to the frequency of snake translocations in India, rescuers sometimes keep snakes in captivity for days and transport multiple snakes in the same bin to a release site, conditions which are stressful and that could facilitate disease transmission. Given these uncertainties, a Master\u2019s student at Bangor University, Rhiannon Williams, set out in 2019 to study the effect of long-distance translocations on Russell\u2019s vipers in and around the village of Rathnapuri, and to determine whether those effects posed a threat the viper population.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1er03d-cf3a7c9f4fcfb801b15a0f83b14bef5e\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1er03d-cf3a7c9f4fcfb801b15a0f83b14bef5e img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1er03d-cf3a7c9f4fcfb801b15a0f83b14bef5e .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1er03d-cf3a7c9f4fcfb801b15a0f83b14bef5e av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-9  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-47710 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-47710 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/w-City.jpg' alt='' title='w-City'  height=\"800\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1eqes2-57e876e78bf8654f53f958ceae6e170a'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Hunsur, India, the closest city to the village of Rathnapuri, both located in the southwestern region of the Indian state of Karnataka. Snakebites are more common in rural villages where there is more naturalized habitat than in dense urban areas (Photo credit: <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Hunsur_Street.jpg\"><em>Tar-ba-gan<\/em><\/a><em>,<\/em><em> used under Creative Commons licence <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/legalcode\"><em>CC BY-SA 4.0<\/em><\/a><em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<h5><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47708 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png 35w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>WHERE WERE THE TRANSLOCATED RUSSELL\u2019S VIPERS RELEASED?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>The translocation study took place at the site of the <a href=\"https:\/\/roundglasssustain.com\/heroes\/gerry-martin-snakes-wildlife-india\">Gerry Martin Project<\/a> (GMP), situated just outside of Rathnapuri, a rural Indian village in the state of Karnataka. The GMP was based at a 0.8 ha (2-acre) property consisting of farmland and a lake, with edge habitat composed mostly of scrubland and grassland. This project was created to manage human-wildlife conflict in Rathnapuri and surrounding villages, with a focus on wildlife research, education, and snake translocations.<\/p>\n<p>Rhiannon Williams conducted her study on 11 male Russell\u2019s vipers that were rescued from neighbouring villages, implanted with radiotransmitters, and translocated to the GMP property, which was far outside their home ranges. The GMP was deemed suitable for translocation because it had natural habitat, suitable refugia for snakes, and minimal human activity. The translocated snakes were tracked daily over eight months in 2019 (Apr to Nov), and their movement patterns were compared to those of 7 male \u201cresident\u201d vipers from the area. Those resident snakes were also radiotracked but were not translocated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-vd3blp-95efa2ffd08cf196662a2c7300261a9d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-vd3blp-95efa2ffd08cf196662a2c7300261a9d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-vd3blp-95efa2ffd08cf196662a2c7300261a9d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-vd3blp-95efa2ffd08cf196662a2c7300261a9d av-styling- avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-47713 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-47713 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/w-mapjpg.jpg' alt='' title='w-mapjpg'  height=\"800\" width=\"1200\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1erwtx-d6cf83e32c7844d284f5b4db265aecef'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Aerial view of the Gerry Martin Project, adjacent to the lake in the centre of the map, and the surrounding human-dominated landscape. The village of Rathnapuri is in the centre-right of the map (Photo credit: Williams 2021).<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5lvmwjv-d25ae2e08a86ab41787c5bcd8de9a6a8'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47708 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png 35w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>WHAT HAPPENED TO THE TRANSLOCATED RUSSELL\u2019S VIPERS?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Overall, a higher mortality rate was recorded in the translocated snakes compared to the resident snakes; 7 of the 11 translocated snakes (64%) died during the study compared to only 2 of the 7 resident snakes (29%). The cause of death for all snakes ranged from being killed by humans (44%), predation (33%), and parasites or unknown causes (22%). The movement patterns of most resident and translocated snakes were compared, including average daily movement, average distance per movement, and movement frequency. Four of the translocated snakes, however, died too early on in the study for their movement patterns to be quantified.<\/p>\n<p>Average daily movement and distance per movement did not significantly differ between the translocated and resident snakes. Individuals from both groups stayed within a small home range and moved similar distances during each movement. However, translocated snakes moved less frequently than resident snakes. One possible explanation for this difference was that translocated snakes were in relatively poor body condition. For example, two translocated snakes were confirmed to have been infected by parasites. A second possible explanation for reduced movement in the translocated snakes is that their usual mating behaviour was suppressed. During the breeding season, male snakes will often travel long distances to search for and mate with females. The translocated snakes, however, did not move as would be expected during this time, and none were observed mating. In contrast, the average home range of the resident snakes during this period was twice as large as that of the translocated snakes.<\/p>\n<h5><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-47708 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"35\" height=\"35\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake.png 35w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/snake-12x12.png 12w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 35px) 100vw, 35px\" \/><\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>CAN PEOPLE LIVING IN THE RATHNAPURI REGION COEXIST WITH RUSSELL\u2019S VIPERS?<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>Mitigation translocations of venomous snakes are common in India and will no doubt continue due to the high risk of potentially dangerous interactions between people and snakes. This study on Russell\u2019s Viper translocations showed some promising results because movement distances of translocated individuals were similar to those of resident snakes. Unfortunately, translocated snakes were more likely to have died than resident snakes, an outcome very similar to what was found in other studies where snakes were translocated long distances (See <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\">Urban Vipers 6: Dugites in Perth, Australia<\/a>). Furthermore, the fact that some translocated vipers had poor body condition or did not exhibit normal mating behaviour may be an indication of additional negative effects of long distance translocations.<\/p>\n<p>Snakes translocated in tropical regions, such as India, likely face a different set of limiting factors than snakes translocated in temperate zones. Although Russell\u2019s Vipers are not exposed to chilling winter temperatures, they are killed by a variety of predators throughout the year, including humans. Predation clearly plays an important role in the survival of translocated Russell\u2019s Vipers considering the majority of snakes in this study were predated or killed. Ironically, people were the main predator, despite the fact that snakes were translocated to save them from being killed in the first place. Thus, long-distance translocation in the scenario studied is probably not the best solution for promoting coexistence between vipers and people. Human-snake conflict with Russell\u2019s vipers may be better managed by only translocating snakes short distances (<a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\">Urban Vipers 6: Dugites in Perth, Australia<\/a>), or by implementing preventative strategies such as increased public awareness, supplying agricultural workers with protective footware, and improving access to antivenom (see efforts by the <a href=\"https:\/\/madrascrocodilebank.org\/snakebite_mitigation\">Madras Crocodile Bank Trust Centre for Herpetology<\/a>). Further research into the effectiveness of such alternatives may result in improved outcomes that better allow humans and snakes to live side by side.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-4zopbvv-ffd0dde182997a52bd140edec0e47ef4 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_textblock  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='avia-testimonial-wrapper av-lmgn3218-4745d6b8efa031d15640b91156d60838 avia-grid-testimonials avia-grid-2-testimonials avia_animate_when_almost_visible' >\n<section class=\"avia-testimonial-row\"><div class='avia-testimonial av-lmgn2zpf-e28d48b24544a1ed86d8a0962f0b07c6 avia-testimonial-row-1 avia-first-testimonial flex_column no_margin av_one_half'><div class='avia-testimonial_inner'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia-testimonial-image'  itemprop=\"image\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"180\" height=\"180\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Gerry-Martin-180x180.jpg\" class=\"attachment-square size-square\" alt=\"\" \/><\/div><div class='avia-testimonial-content'><div class='avia-testimonial-markup-entry-content'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8220;<em>Conservation should not be treated as a cause or an act of altruism. It should become a way of life<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"avia-testimonial-meta\"><div class=\"avia-testimonial-arrow-wrap\"><div class=\"avia-arrow\"><\/div><\/div><div class='avia-testimonial-meta-mini'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><strong  class='avia-testimonial-name'  itemprop=\"name\" >Gerry Martin 2022<\/strong><span  class='avia-testimonial-subtitle'  itemprop=\"jobTitle\" >Herpetologist and founder of the Gerry Martin Project<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/section><\/div><\/div><section  class='av_textblock_section av-40y01e3-92973d67708402997038be7e7fd77cb5'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>Authorship note: This blog post was originally drafted by Remo Boscarino-Gaetano, and revised and edited by Natasha Sawatzky, Kathleen Woodhouse, Alexis Simeoni, and Jonathan Choquette.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='flex_column av-3medauj-5b6243b52ac0bf26f13df980b8e14fc2 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-2vrtewb-e598c2f4a51a77177ec5849361ae0517'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h5><span style=\"color: #50863d;\"><strong>REFERENCES<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-2he0q2z-dbbf419b15d3934e9f5b75dc24536817'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Glaudas, X. 2021. Natural history of a highly medically important snake, Russell\u2019s viper (<em>Daboia russelii<\/em>), in a human-dominated Indian rural landscape. <em>Journal of Herpetology<\/em>. 55(2): 151-159.<\/p>\n<p>Ghosh, S., Mukhopadhyay, P. and Chatterjee, T. 2016. Management of snake bite in India. <em>The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India<\/em>. 64: 209-218.<\/p>\n<p>Williams, R.C. 2021. Translocation of a medically important snake: Russell\u2019s Vipers (<em>Daboia russelii<\/em>) in rural India (Masters Thesis, Bangor University). Available from Bangor University Research Portal.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-luww5hrp-b3545179c09c5439786aca9759ac6ef7'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><em>WPC appreciates funding support provided by the Ontario Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks\u2019 Species at Risk Stewardship Program for WPC\u2019s Ojibway Reptile Recovery Program.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2t84nqj-6316b8306406e959ddb4d0874fa5044f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-21  el_after_av_one_full  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1eycko-38d9116d6f09f08ca200b22ff80be912 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-22  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-the-prairie-rattlesnakes-of-lethbridge\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='prairierettler'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37678 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37678 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/prairierettler-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='prairierettler'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1ewhj0-7fa423771fec836107403ef3f9ef7c3e'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-the-prairie-rattlesnakes-of-lethbridge\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 1: The Prairie Rattlesnakes of Lethbridge<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-2ip1yvf-55418622c207d556c9f995fe4e3d5a2f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-24  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f2x8v-88155361d3900ddd6258f61fca29153c av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-25  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-2-rattlesnakes-of-osoyoos-bc\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='1620px-Crotalus_oreganus_oreganus_sACRAMENTO_1_of_1-980x653'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37677 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37677 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/1620px-Crotalus_oreganus_oreganus_sACRAMENTO_1_of_1-980x653-1-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='1620px-Crotalus_oreganus_oreganus_sACRAMENTO_1_of_1-980x653'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f1xhr-1dafbe4e8d95523ccb226fed2e680ee3'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-2-rattlesnakes-of-osoyoos-bc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 2: Western Rattlesnakes of Osoyos, BC<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-23agovf-99961af1f48d43c804761b526d5bdef7 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-27  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f4e1k-b7c8c2372eb17d54e778ff4743e28c03 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-28  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-3-the-black-mambas-of-durban-south-africa\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='w-mamba'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37679 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37679 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/w-mamba-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='w-mamba'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f3nua-cb3c1a9c5f93b9635fcc4143f47e2ad4'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-3-the-black-mambas-of-durban-south-africa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 3: The black mambas of Durban, South Africa<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-1hu9h9n-297a29557c9505357427949bd674eaef av_one_third  avia-builder-el-30  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f6pkj-69dede8c04d00af8ec1da9511b45af32 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-31  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-4-the-jararacas-of-sao-paulo-brazil\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='jararaca'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37676 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37676 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/jararaca-1-300x225.jpg' alt='' title='jararaca'  height=\"225\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f5rtb-fd0722fb9473a6840a267c1be8eac705'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-4-the-jararacas-of-sao-paulo-brazil\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 4: The jararacas of Sao Paulo, Brazil<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-zof8q3-1038da888d9f29c0492d6a5ca97da960 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-33  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1f8i43-bbfe8d8ed79e58988a0bb53fc7fd726d av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-34  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-5-the-timber-rattlesnakes-of-lenexa-kansas\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='Snake'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37685 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37685 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Snake-1-300x204.jpg' alt='' title='Snake'  height=\"204\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1f7hvu-9c9f93b2d1f6ddce3146282d995a67f1'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-5-the-timber-rattlesnakes-of-lenexa-kansas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 5: The timber rattlesnakes of Lenexa, Kansas<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-srz1zf-c980ec24f7e41303fc919082cb34d93a av_one_third  avia-builder-el-36  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49\">\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-lg1fbf29-82cde9d15d944877f41bc22e8b42cd49 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-37  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='Viper'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-37698 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-37698 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Viper-300x200.jpg' alt='' title='Viper'  height=\"200\" width=\"300\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lg1fack1-6158563d58a260276b79415cefe7e7be'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 6: Dugites in Perth, Australia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-riugxp-70a349a72cbd19883f13ad921714df76 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_one_third  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353\">\n.avia-image-container.av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-ljq09sa7-493837c272e400079a637933f1148353 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-40  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first'   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-6-dugites-in-perth-australia\/\" class='avia_image'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" aria-label='javan_spitting_cobra'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-41325 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-41325 avia_image' src='https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/javan_spitting_cobra-1620x1080.jpg' alt='' title='javan_spitting_cobra'  height=\"1000\" width=\"1500\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ljq0ahlb-8da4f6fc28d246a199f4baacd4cbc679'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urban-vipers-7-javan-spitting-cobra-in-jakarta-indonesia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Urban Vipers 7: Javan spitting cobra in Jakarta, Indonesia<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='blog-inner'  class='avia-section av-1tfzepk-9d7566010aba624d8834f458ff8fd895 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-42  el_after_av_section  avia-builder-el-last  blog-section avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-47704'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<div  id=\"recent-articles-project\"  class='flex_column av-16nk33s-7cc9adc5a8eb87fd4a8491c815be47dd av_one_full  avia-builder-el-43  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  more-articles-section first flex_column_div'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-m01460fq-4d0eb00262e233bfe1d6ea61dff309e1'   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" itemprop=\"blogPost\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h2>More in the Urban Viper Series<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/section><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-nfjyoo-0ed09d8a252485953aaa49f78269bcf7\">\n#top .flex_column.av-nfjyoo-0ed09d8a252485953aaa49f78269bcf7{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n.responsive #top #wrap_all .flex_column.av-nfjyoo-0ed09d8a252485953aaa49f78269bcf7{\nmargin-top:20px;\nmargin-bottom:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='flex_column av-nfjyoo-0ed09d8a252485953aaa49f78269bcf7 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><div  class='av-alb-blogposts template-blog  blog-home'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Blog\" ><article class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-49035 post-loop-1 post-parity-odd single-big with-slider post-49035 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news-and-events category-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery category-urban-vipers project-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class=\"blog-meta\"><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Post: Urban Vipers 11: Tiger Snakes in Melbourne\"><div class=\"av-heading-wrapper\"><h2 class='post-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers11-tiger-snakes-in-melbourne\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permanent Link: Urban Vipers 11: Tiger Snakes in Melbourne\">Urban Vipers 11: Tiger Snakes in Melbourne<span class=\"post-format-icon minor-meta\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" rel=\"tag\">Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" rel=\"tag\">R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/urban-vipers\/\" rel=\"tag\">Vip\u00e8res urbaines<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/project\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" rel=\"tag\">R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/header><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"big-preview single-big\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers11-tiger-snakes-in-melbourne\/\"  title=\"Tiger-snake-feature-flip\" ><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-49046 avia-img-lazy-loading-49046 attachment-entry_without_sidebar size-entry_without_sidebar wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip-180x180.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers11-tiger-snakes-in-melbourne\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class='more-link-arrow avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMidYMid meet\" role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"post-meta-infos\"><time class=\"date-container minor-meta updated\"  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2025-02-05T11:42:28-05:00\" >f\u00e9vrier 5, 2025<\/time><span class=\"text-sep\">\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">par <span class=\"entry-author-link\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/ojibway-massasauga-rattlesnake-team\/\" rel=\"author\">Ojibway Massasauga<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"post_author_timeline\"><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Tiger-snake-feature-flip.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='height'>400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='width'>400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>Ojibway Massasauga<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/WPC_Frn-scaled.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>Ojibway Massasauga<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2025-02-05T11:42:28-05:00\" >2025-02-05 11:42:28<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2026-02-12 10:38:13<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Urban Vipers 11: Tiger Snakes in Melbourne<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-47704 post-loop-2 post-parity-even single-big with-slider post-47704 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news-and-events category-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery category-urban-vipers project-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class=\"blog-meta\"><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Post: Urban Vipers 10: Russell&#8217;s Viper in Rathnapuri\"><div class=\"av-heading-wrapper\"><h2 class='post-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers10-russells-viper-in-rathnapuri\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permanent Link: Urban Vipers 10: Russell&#8217;s Viper in Rathnapuri\">Urban Vipers 10: Russell&#8217;s Viper in Rathnapuri<span class=\"post-format-icon minor-meta\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" rel=\"tag\">Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" rel=\"tag\">R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/urban-vipers\/\" rel=\"tag\">Vip\u00e8res urbaines<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/project\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" rel=\"tag\">R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/header><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"big-preview single-big\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers10-russells-viper-in-rathnapuri\/\"  title=\"featured-RUssell&#039;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-47712 avia-img-lazy-loading-47712 attachment-entry_without_sidebar size-entry_without_sidebar wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell.jpg 400w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell-80x80.jpg 80w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell-12x12.jpg 12w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell-36x36.jpg 36w, https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell-180x180.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanvipers10-russells-viper-in-rathnapuri\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class='more-link-arrow avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMidYMid meet\" role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"post-meta-infos\"><time class=\"date-container minor-meta updated\"  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2024-08-19T09:11:15-05:00\" >ao\u00fbt 19, 2024<\/time><span class=\"text-sep\">\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">par <span class=\"entry-author-link\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/ojibway-massasauga-rattlesnake-team\/\" rel=\"author\">Ojibway Massasauga<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"post_author_timeline\"><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/featured-RUssell.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='height'>400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='width'>400<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>Ojibway Massasauga<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/WPC_Frn-scaled.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>Ojibway Massasauga<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2024-08-19T09:11:15-05:00\" >2024-08-19 09:11:15<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2024-08-22 07:56:59<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Urban Vipers 10: Russell&#8217;s Viper in Rathnapuri<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><article class=\"post-entry post-entry-type-standard post-entry-43100 post-loop-3 post-parity-odd post-entry-last single-big with-slider post-43100 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news-and-events category-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery category-urban-vipers project-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\"  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/BlogPosting\" ><div class=\"blog-meta\"><\/div><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix standard-content'><header class=\"entry-content-header\" aria-label=\"Post: Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK\"><div class=\"av-heading-wrapper\"><h2 class='post-title entry-title'  itemprop=\"headline\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanviper9-adders-in-london\/\" rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Permanent Link: Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK\">Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK<span class=\"post-format-icon minor-meta\"><\/span><\/a><\/h2><span class=\"blog-categories minor-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/news-and-events\/\" rel=\"tag\">Actualit\u00e9s et \u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" rel=\"tag\">R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/category\/urban-vipers\/\" rel=\"tag\">Vip\u00e8res urbaines<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/project\/ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery\/\" rel=\"tag\">R\u00e9tablissement des reptiles des prairies Ojibway<\/a><\/span><\/div><\/header><span class=\"av-vertical-delimiter\"><\/span><div class=\"big-preview single-big\"  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanviper9-adders-in-london\/\"  title=\"Adder 1\" ><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1210\" height=\"423\" src=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-1-1210x423.jpg\" class=\"wp-image-43102 avia-img-lazy-loading-43102 attachment-entry_without_sidebar size-entry_without_sidebar wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"entry-content\"  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"read-more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/urbanviper9-adders-in-london\/\" class=\"more-link\">Read more<span class='more-link-arrow avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello'><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewbox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveaspectratio=\"xMidYMid meet\" role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"post-meta-infos\"><time class=\"date-container minor-meta updated\"  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2023-09-12T12:59:45-05:00\" >septembre 12, 2023<\/time><span class=\"text-sep\">\/<\/span><span class=\"blog-author minor-meta\">par <span class=\"entry-author-link\"  itemprop=\"author\" ><span class=\"author\"><span class=\"fn\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/fr\/blog\/author\/ojibway-massasauga-rattlesnake-team\/\" rel=\"author\">Ojibway Massasauga<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><footer class=\"entry-footer\"><\/footer><div class='post_delimiter'><\/div><\/div><div class=\"post_author_timeline\"><\/div><span class='hidden'>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/Adder-1-scaled.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='height'>1846<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='width'>2560<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"publisher\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Organization\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='name'>Ojibway Massasauga<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='logo' itemscope itemtype='https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span itemprop='url'>https:\/\/wildlifepreservation.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/WPC_Frn-scaled.jpg<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"author\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Person\" ><span itemprop='name'>Ojibway Massasauga<\/span><\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"datePublished\" datetime=\"2023-09-12T12:59:45-05:00\" >2023-09-12 12:59:45<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"dateModified\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/dateModified\" >2024-12-11 13:31:09<\/span><span class='av-structured-data'  itemprop=\"mainEntityOfPage\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/mainEntityOfPage\" ><span itemprop='name'>Urban Vipers 9: Adders in London, UK<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/article><\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":47712,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,257,263],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-47704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-events","category-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery","category-urban-vipers","project-ojibway-prairie-reptile-recovery"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Urban Vipers 10: Russell&#039;s Viper in Rathnapuri - Wildlife Preservation Canada<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Can the residents of Loma Linda, California, learn to live with red diamond 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